Search results for "URBAN AREA"
showing 10 items of 144 documents
Reviewing the role of ecosystems services in the sustainability of the urban environment: A multi-country analysis
2020
The urban environment is characterised by many pressures caused by population growth, transport (and its related emissions), and the damage to green areas. Yet, there is a variety of ecosystem services available in urban areas, which may be deployed to ameliorate the current problems and foster their sustainability. This paper reviews the role of ecosystem services as tools for sustainability, based on an urban setting. It also describes a series of multi-country case studies, where an assessment of their functions using a set of benefits valuation approaches such as health benefits, economic benefits, social benefits and benefits to climate resilience, are provided, along with an appraisal…
Significance of chronic toxoplasmosis in epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Russian Federation
2017
Studies carried out in Moscow residents have revealed that the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis is very close to those in countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Our findings also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and the seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in drivers who were held responsible for accidents. The latter was 2.37 times higher in drivers who were involved in road accidents compared with control groups. These results suggest that the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis (particularly a slower reaction time and decreased concentration) might contribute to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of road traffic acci…
Reduced prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and high frequency of protozoan infections in the surrounding urban area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
2019
Human populations living in the surrounding urban areas of large Brazilian cities have increased vulnerability to intestinal parasites. However, the epidemiological scenario of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in Curitiba, Paraná's main city, remains largely unknown. To bridge this gap of knowledge, this study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and to investigate potential transmission pathways of the most prevalent species detected. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study between July and September 2014 among schoolchildren in urban and peri-urban (deprived) areas of the municipality of Campo do Tenente, Curitiba. A total of 549 stool samples were used fo…
An attraction-based cellular automaton model for generating spatiotemporal population maps in urban areas
2015
We develop a cellular automaton (CA) model to produce spatiotemporal population maps that estimate population distributions in an urban area during a random working day. The resulting population maps are at 50 m and 5 minutes spatiotemporal resolution, showing clearly how the distribution of population varies throughout a 24-hour period. The maps indicate that some areas of the city, which are sparsely populated during the night, can be densely populated during the day. The developed CA model assumes that the population transition trends follow dynamics and propagation patterns similar to a contagious disease. Thus, our model designed to change the states of each grid cell (stable or dynami…
Investigating Mobility Gaps in University Campuses
2018
The objective of the present research is to carry out a gap analysis between current mobility situations and the needs, future plans and priorities regarding a number of thematic areas on the issue of mobility in university campuses. For this purpose, an interview was conducted involving 36 experts from seven Southern European Universities. More specifically, experts from each university were asked to analyse and rate both the current and the desired situation in the campus under their responsibility with focus on the following thematic areas: parking management, soft modes infrastructure, public transport, car related issues, road infrastructure, environment and energy, mobility management…
Impact on Air Quality of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy).
2020
At the end of 2019, the first cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China. Thereafter, the number of infected people increased rapidly, and the outbreak turned into a national crisis, with infected individuals all over the country. The COVID-19 global pandemic produced extreme changes in human behavior that affected air quality. Human mobility and production activities decreased significantly, and many regions recorded significant reductions in air pollution. The goal of our investigation was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the concentrations of the main air pollutants in the urban area of Palermo (Italy). In this study, the trends in the average…
Socioeconomic inequalities in injury mortality in small areas of 15 European cities.
2013
This study analysed socioeconomic inequalities in mortality due to injuries in small areas of 15 European cities, by sex, at the beginning of this century. A cross-sectional ecological study with units of analysis being small areas within 15 European cities was conducted. Relative risks of injury mortality associated with the socioeconomic deprivation index were estimated using hierarchical Bayesian model. The number of small areas varies from 17 in Bratislava to 2666 in Turin. The median population per small area varies by city (e.g. Turin had 274 inhabitants per area while Budapest had 76,970). Socioeconomic inequalities in all injury mortality are observed in the majority of cities and a…
Les dynamiques du périurbain dijonnais entre 1990 et 1999
2009
Un étalement urbain accompagne désormais la croissance des villes, notamment les plus grandes. Principalement expliqué par un desserrement résidentiel, il est aussi la résultante des dynamiques de centralisation de l’emploi et de spécialisation des zones d’activité à l’intérieur des aires urbaines. L’exemple dijonnais met bien en lumière ce double mouvement qui affecte les communes de sa périphérie et contribue à accroître les mobilités. Urban sprawl arises from the growth of cities, especially of the biggest cities. This urban sprawl is accounted for mainly by residential clearing. It results also from the dynamics of centralization of employment and from specialization of activity zones i…
Sacelli "dimenticati" nell’area urbana di Akragas
2016
International audience; Between 1927 and 1930, Pirro Marconi investigated a small rectangular structure near house Filippazzo, in the central urban area of Akragas. The presence of a bothros and fragments of female figures with stephane suggested the presence of a small sanctuary or themenos for chthonic deities. The little news published by Marconi and the vague indication of location made us forget the existence of this sanctuary for many years. However, a survey carried out in 2016 allowed to identify the remains of Marconi’s structure, partly covered by ground. At the same time, other little-known structures have been identified. In some cases, their function is still unknown.